What occurs during a short circuit?

During a short circuit, an abnormal electrical connection is created, typically between two points of a circuit, that allows current to flow along an unintended path. This often results in a massive increase in current flow, referred to as overcurrent. The cause of a short circuit can be a variety of factors, such as faulty wiring, damaged insulation, or equipment failure. As a result of this heightened current flow, the circuit can become dangerously overdrawn, leading to potential fire hazards or damage to electrical components.

In contrast to normal operational functions of electricity, which involve the safe and controlled flow of energy through designated paths, a short circuit disrupts this flow. It can trigger safety devices, but those devices are reacting to the overcurrent and not forming a part of the normal operational characteristics of electrical systems. This clarifies why the other options do not accurately represent the concept of a short circuit.